Mapping Blockchain's Impact on Cold Chain Logistics: Insights from Bibliometric and Co-Citation Analysis

Abstract

Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative solution for enhancing transparency, traceability, and operational efficiency in cold chain logistics, particularly for temperature-sensitive goods. However, despite its growing importance, a comprehensive understanding of its application in this domain remains limited. This study aims to map the academic literature on blockchain in cold chain logistics by conducting bibliometric and co-citation analyses of 112 papers retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases. For these analyses, the Biblioshiny and Bibliometrix libraries, tools for comprehensive science mapping analysis, were utilized within R Studio. The analysis explores publication trends, thematic evolution, and collaboration networks, offering a structured overview of the current research landscape. Key findings reveal a surge in publications during the COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the need for reliable vaccine distribution systems. Dominant themes include the integration of blockchain with Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning, and traceability systems, reflecting technological advancements in real-time monitoring and predictive analytics. Collaboration analysis identifies China and Canada as leading contributors, though regional disparities in research activity persist. This study contributes to the literature by identifying research gaps, such as the scalability and cost-effectiveness of blockchain in cold chain logistics, and by proposing actionable insights for future studies. It highlights opportunities for cross-disciplinary research and emphasizes the importance of standardizing blockchain frameworks for global adoption. For practitioners, the findings underscore the potential of blockchain to optimize supply chains and reduce losses in critical sectors like healthcare and food logistics. This paper serves as a reference for academics and industry stakeholders, providing a foundation for advancing research and practical applications in this evolving field.