European Journal of Digital Economy Research

Leveraging Reverse Regressions for Bias Diagnosis in the Digital Economy Datasets

2025-12-26T07:35:46+03:00

This paper evaluates reverse regression in simulations and applications motivated by the digital economy data. Data from digital platforms ranging from e-commerce transactions to user-generated content offers vast potential for economic analysis, yet it frequently suffers from measurement errors and endogeneity problems. With digital platforms producing vast amounts of data that are frequently user-created, collected, or compiled, researchers encounter growing difficulties in validating data reliability. The reverse regression provides a unique diagnostic tool set for identifying and correcting biases when the standard assumptions of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) are not satisfied. This is particularly true in contexts like gig work income reports, online advertising, and consumer trends inferred from internet activities. Based on the simulated digital data of a medium enterprise business digital sales data associated with advertising expenditure reported via Google or Meta dashboards, this study finds that the forward regressions are biased or attenuated. The study therefore recommends that reverse regression involving the digital platform data be applied as a diagnostic and corrective tool set in early-stage econometric diagnostics, especially when robust instrumental variables are unavailable.

Diverging Paths in Environmental Performance: A Comparative Analysis of Innovation, Growth and Renewable Energy in OECD and BRICS Countries

2025-12-23T18:54:12+03:00

Combating global climate change requires urgent and differentiated strategies to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. The environmental performance trajectories of developed (OECD) and emerging (BRICS) economies represent a critical area of research, as they account for a significant portion of global emissions. This study aims to comparatively analyze the key determinants of CO₂ emissions in OECD and BRICS countries, focusing on 2021, which reflects the unique conditions brought about by the post-COVID-19 economic recovery. Using 2021 data obtained from the World Bank, a cross-sectional “snapshot” analysis was conducted using multiple regression methods. In the model, the dependent variable is total CO₂ emissions (kt); the independent variables are defined as ‘renewable energy consumption’, ‘GDP’, ‘urbanization’, and ‘total patent applications’ (innovation proxy). Empirical findings confirm that renewable energy consumption has a statistically significant and negative effect on CO₂ emissions. In contrast, GDP and urbanization were found to have a positive effect on emissions. It is noteworthy that innovation, measured by ‘total patent applications’, shows a weak or statistically insignificant effect on emission reduction. The study contributes to the literature by presenting an analysis of a critical period such as 2021 and highlighting the structural differences between the OECD and BRICS blocs. The results indicate that emission reduction policies should be designed according to countries' levels of development and the specificity of their innovation policies (specifically targeting green technologies), rather than a “one-size-fits-all” approach.

Analytical Assessment of Ecological Security and Environmental Vulnerability Using the LOPCOW–MABAC Method

2025-12-23T18:58:38+03:00

This study analytically examines the ecological threat levels of 207 countries using data presented in the Ecological Threat Report 2024. Four key indicators—demographic pressure, food insecurity, impact of sea-related events, and water risk—were utilized, and all criteria were integrated into a decision matrix to enable a comparable assessment of countries’ environmental vulnerability. The relative importance of the criteria was determined using the LOPCOW method, which is based on data variation and eliminates human subjectivity. The resulting weights were calculated as follows: demographic pressure (25.83%), food insecurity (25.59%), impact of sea-related events (26.78%), and water risk (21.79%). These results indicate that the criteria have a nearly equal level of influence on the formation of ecological threats. Following the weighting process, countries were evaluated using the MABAC method and ranked according to their overall ecological threat scores. The findings show that Greenland, Bermuda, Malta, Germany, Slovakia, and Estonia are among the countries with the lowest threat levels, whereas Niger, Burkina Faso, Madagascar, Somalia, Afghanistan, and Benin exhibit the highest levels of vulnerability. The results further reveal that ecological threats are predominantly concentrated in low-income regions characterized by arid climatic conditions, limited natural resource management capacity, and heightened sensitivity to climate shocks. This confirms the strong relationship between environmental vulnerability and socio-economic development levels. Overall, the study provides a data-driven analytical framework that can support the formulation of sustainable development policies and contributes to a systematic understanding of cross-country ecological risk disparities while highlighting priority regions for environmental intervention.

Assessing Real Estate Valuation Perceptions: A Case Study of Isparta Municipality Staff

2025-12-23T18:52:42+03:00

Real estate valuation holds significant importance for local governments and the real estate sector alike. For municipalities, this process is particularly crucial, influencing a wide array of decisions from tax collection to land-use planning. This study investigates how personnel within a local government perceive real estate valuation, with the aim of uncovering the key factors they believe shape property values. Such insights can empower municipalities to formulate more informed and effective real estate policies. To this end, a survey was conducted among 432 employees of Isparta Municipality. The analysis reveals that the participants identify several critical criteria for valuation: infrastructure and security, the property's location, local population density, access to essential services and education, the socioeconomic status of the area, and proximity to entertainment and social facilities. Among these, infrastructure and security emerged as the most important factor. Conversely, proximity to entertainment and social facilities was perceived as the least influential criterion.

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2025-12-25T22:37:28+03:00

Oversight of Financial Transactions in the Digital Age

2025-12-23T18:50:35+03:00

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of financial transactions, altering their very structure, functionality, and the mechanisms we use to control them. This study explores this transformation, tracing the evolution of financial technologies (FinTech) from their historical roots to their current state. We examine the development of digital financial systems, the pivotal role of cloud computing infrastructures, and the overarching process of digitalization that is redefining the financial sector. The analysis further assesses the shift from traditional banking to digital banking, considering the emergence of open banking and Banking-as-a-Service (BaaS) models, and weighs the significant opportunities against the novel risks this digital shift introduces. The findings suggest that the digital transformation driven by FinTech undeniably enhances the speed, accessibility, and cost-efficiency of financial operations. Yet, this progress comes with a imperative: it demands equally robust advancements in cybersecurity, sophisticated regulatory frameworks, and resilient internal control systems. By synthesizing the key technological, structural, and managerial components that define oversight in the digital age, this study aims to contribute a cohesive perspective to the ongoing scholarly conversation on the future of financial control.

2025-12-25T22:46:02+03:00

The Structural Integrity Dilemma in AI Models within Academia

2025-12-25T08:39:22+03:00